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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

You've probably heard that different varieties can produce distinct flavors. Find out more about four of the most popular varieties: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans are a kind of Liberica which is grown exclusively in Southeast Asia. They have a sweeter and more tart flavor profile and are often used in blends of coffee to enhance the flavor.

Arabica

Arabica coffee beans make up 75% of the global production. Arabica beans are more mild and sweeter than Robusta, and come in different flavors. The aroma and taste of coffee are influenced by the coffee bean shop conditions under which it is grown as well as the methods of processing used.

The word "coffee" originates from the Arabic word that means berry. Coffee beans are actually seeds which grow inside bright red berries. It is believed that ancient Ethiopian shepherds discovered that their goats were energy-rich after eating these fruit, and the cultivation of coffee quickly was a global phenomenon.

Coffee beans can be grown at high altitudes, and are capable of thriving when exposed to cold temperatures and lots of rain. This is one of the main reasons for why Arabica is regarded as the best tasting coffee.

Many specialty coffee shops and roasters focus on the ethical source of arabica beans, and focusing on fair wages for farmers and sustainable farming practices. These companies blend arabica beans to create unique coffees that are suitable for many different brewing techniques. Blending is a way to control the aroma, flavor, body, and acidity of the coffee bean shop and is typically preferred to create a balanced and consistent taste that appeals to a wider market.

Robusta

Robusta beans (Coffea canephora) are the second most popular type of coffee bean that is grown worldwide. They contain more caffeine per bean than Arabica, and are more resistant to disease and pests. They also contain higher levels of chlorogenic acids, which are antioxidants naturally found in. However, these acids could cause oxidation during the process of brewing coffee and may result in undesirable flavors.

The plant itself is more robust than arabica, and can thrive in less favorable climate conditions and at lower elevations. It can withstand warmer temperatures and does well in direct sunlight. It is faster growing and produces more coffee per plant than arabica, making it a cheaper crop to grow.

Although it might sound odd however, arabica and robusta beans are often blended to make good coffee beans blends. If you find names such as Uganda or Kenya on the bag of coffee it's possible that there's also some robusta.

Most roasters use a mixture of arabica and coffee beans to cut costs while maintaining quality. To maintain the integrity of the flavor, it is essential to select a top-quality bean from a source that you trust. This can be achieved by buying your beans directly from farmers.

Liberica

Liberica beans are more or less football shaped that makes them different from other coffee bean varieties. They have a unique aroma that is floral and fruity with smoky undertones. They are often paired with other coffee bean varieties to provide an extra, stronger flavor.

Liberica coffee beans are available in West Africa, Malaysia (Borneo), and Southeast Asia. They are adaptable to humid, hot conditions and can be grown at low altitudes. They also have a more resistant to diseases than Arabica and Robusta.

These characteristics make them ideal for growing at home. You can find the seeds on the internet from several sources, however it's preferred to purchase them from local producers to guarantee the quality of the beans. The ideal conditions for growing Liberica coffee plants are fertile deep volcanic soils that have a moderately acidic pH and adequate annual rainfall.

Another type of coffee bean is Excelsa that was once thought to be a separate species, but was later re-classified to be a subspecies of Liberica. These coffee beans are ovals that are cultivated on 20 to 30-foot coffee plants that are located at medium altitudes. Their distinctive taste is tart and sour, making them a popular option for blends that are house-made. They are also less pronounced in the aroma and caffeine compared to Arabica and Robusta however they still possess a unique richness of flavor.

Excelsa

Excelsa coffee beans price [Mozillabd.science] beans aren't as well-known as Arabica and Robusta, despite being the fourth most popular. They were actually regarded as distinct species of coffee up until 2006, when they were reclassified to become a synonym for Coffea Liberica var. dewevrei. They are produced in Southeast Asia today and account for 7% the world's production of coffee. These beans are distinctive with a teardrop shape and have a dark, mysterious taste. They are often blended to provide extra body and a delicious tart, ripe fruit taste.

Arabica beans are by far the most popular and are renowned for their sweeter flavor. They thrive best at high altitudes and are able to thrive in warm, tropical climates. They also have a little of acidity. When roasted and brewed correctly they may impart notes like nuts, chocolate or even fruit.

Robusta is a close second to Arabica and makes up around 40 percent of the world's coffee. Robusta beans are smaller and rounder but they have twice the amount of caffeine as Arabica. They also have more bitterness than the other two varieties, and tend to have woody and earthy overtones.

Now that you've learned the four most popular types of coffee beans now is the time to pick the perfect bulk buy coffee beans. If you prefer an elegant and delicate taste, choose an arabica bean, or a blend consisting of arabica beans and robusta beans.