• 목록
• 답변
• 글쓰기
• 게시판 리스트 옵션
  • 수정
  • 삭제

Adult ADHD and Comorbid Disorders

Many people with ADHD have comorbid disorders like major depression (Kessler et al 2006). Many patients are not responsive to medications for depression and [Redirect Only] may benefit from psychotherapy.

Neurotransmitters are brain chemicals that regulate and boost levels of certain brain chemicals. Stimulants such as methylphenidate and amphetamine are commonly prescribed.

Medicines

Adults can use many medications that are used for ADHD in children. However the dosages are different and the drugs may cause adverse effects that aren't typical of children. The doctor will examine the medical history, the family health history and other factors of the individual to determine which medication is best.

The most commonly used ADHD medication is a stimulant. It works by adjusting the levels of norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain. Stimulants like methylphenidate and dextro-amphetamine (commonly known as Adderall) boost the supply of these neurotransmitters, which aid in improving focus and reducing impulsivity and aggression. They come in various forms like chewable tablets, liquids and skin patches. These stimulants that last longer are popular because they improve patient compliance, as well as an easier, longer-lasting improvement of symptoms.

It is crucial to keep in mind that comorbidities like anxiety and depression can alter the effectiveness of ADHD medication. Therefore it is recommended that these mental health issues be treated first line treatment for adhd in adults and medication used as a second measure. Some medications that are used to treat comorbid mood disorders include atomoxetine and bupropion and tricyclic antidepressants (Wilens 2004).

Certain patients may experience a "rebound" effect where they experience an increase in ADHD symptoms after discontinuing stimulant medications. In these instances, a short trial of a lower dose of stimulant medication may be helpful.

Certain people are not able to take stimulant medicines or are not able to take them due to abuse of drugs to treat adhd or other health conditions such as severe heart problems or hypertension. In these cases, non-stimulant drugs such as atomoxetine and viloxazine can be effective. These medications don't have the same side effects as stimulants and are less likely to be abused or misused.

Psychotherapy

Psychotherapy (talk therapy) is a great option for those with ADHD. It can help those with ADHD to improve their lives, manage stress and anxiety, resolve conflicts, or deal with issues in their relationships or at work. It can also aid in the treatment of those suffering from mental illness that are co-existing, like depression and addiction disorders.

Talk therapies include cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) as well as mind-body cognitive therapy, as well as schema therapy. These therapies are based on belief that one's beliefs and thoughts affect how they feel, think and act. CBT helps a person recognize negative behaviors and thinking patterns, and then develops and implements strategies to change these patterns. Meditation techniques are used in mindfulness-based cognitive therapy to help a person concentrate on their emotions and thoughts to control their impulses and improve executive functioning. Schema therapy, as well as other forms of psychotherapy focused on the family history of a person could be beneficial for those with ADHD who suffer from significant secondary issues.

In addition to medicines psychotherapy can also help with the specific issues that arise from ADHD problems, like having trouble staying on track with schoolwork, resolving conflict and being able to get along with others, forgetting important dates or responsibilities as well as impulsive decisions that lead to legal or financial problems. Psychotherapy can help someone overcome the root issues like anxiety and depression that could contribute to their ADHD symptoms.

Psychotherapy can assist people in finding healthy strategies for coping and decrease stress. For instance exercising, improving sleep and healthy eating habits. It can also provide support to the family member or partner who is dealing with the negative effects of untreated adhd in adults ADHD affects their relationship. Therapy for families and marriage can help families and couples communicate better and understand how to manage ADHD symptoms together.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

CBT is a form of psychotherapy which focuses on changing the patterns of negative thinking of the client. It involves a dialogue based on skills with an expert in mental health to address the root causes of the symptoms. This treatment is designed to help patients overcome difficulties and develop coping skills that are appropriate to their everyday lives.

In addition to teaching clients to recognize harmful thoughts, those who specialize in adult ADHD CBT assist them in developing skills that allow them to replace unhelpful thinking with more productive ones. This process can take time. But it is an effective option for adults who are not getting adequate relief from medications.

In an upcoming RCT, it was found that cognitive behavioral therapy combined with medication is superior to cognitive behavior therapy on its own when it comes to improving the core symptoms, emotional symptom, self-esteem, and social functioning in adults with ADHD (Clarke and co. 2017). The combination of CBT and methylphenidate is especially effective for those who have more severe underlying problems.

The therapists that provide this treatment usually work with the client to create an action plan specific to solving their issues. They usually teach them the fundamentals of therapy that are easy to apply and have a good chance of being successful. Typically, a chart system is used to monitor the progress of a child and reward positive behaviour. This could be the daily report of children that lists the tasks they must complete in school or the positive behavior that must be exhibited, and an approach to tracking and earning rewards. Therapists can also talk about the possibility that negative consequences could be introduced when a child isn't able to finish their work. This can be done with sensitivity and support.

Metacognitive Therapy

Metacognitive therapy is a brand new type of psychotherapy that assists people change their thinking. This type of therapy can be beneficial for people who suffer from a range of mental health issues like depression. It's a kind of cognitive behavioral therapy that helps individuals learn to recognize their negative thoughts and how they affect their emotions. This type of therapy helps individuals develop mental tools that are versatile and useful.

The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between metacognitive capabilities and daily functioning in adults with ADHD. To accomplish this we compared self- and informant-rated deficits in daily functioning with the indicators of metacognition (comprehensive knowledge and cognition regulation debugging, information management, and evaluation). The results indicated that comprehensive knowledge was linked to daily functioning in adults with ADHD however, it was not associated with regulatory processes. The predictors of metacognition had a moderate predictive power, which indicates that they can explain an important amount of variance in daily functioning of adults suffering from ADHD.

Metacognitive Therapy (MCT) is an treatment that focuses on transforming dysfunctional metacognitive belief patterns that perpetuate states like worry, rumination, and attention fixation. MCT was created by Adrian Wells based on an information processing model created by Wells and Gerald Matthews. A case series has proven the effectiveness of MCT in reducing anxiety disorder, however it's still relatively new and more research is needed to determine its effectiveness in other disorders.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of MCT in decreasing symptoms of anxiety disorder, however it can be applied to a range of disorders and could be more effective than other therapies. It is not an effective treatment, but it can be used to treat ADHD.

Family Therapy

In family therapy the Therapist works with the entire family. This allows everyone to understand the client's problems and to understand how to help their loved ones better. It also helps them deal with their anger and develop better communication skills. This kind of counseling can be utilized to treat the underlying conditions, like addiction and depression which are frequently associated with ADHD.

The therapist will commence with an intake session to gain a better understanding of the family's view of the issue and determine their suitability for family intervention. This can be conducted in person or online. The therapist will explain to each person the nature of treatment and the rules for family therapy.

A therapist who has experience in treating adhd naturally adults suffering from ADHD will ask a variety of questions to gain an insight into the client's current symptoms, their past and their impact on their work life, family life and relationships. They will also ask whether any other mental health issues are present, such anxiety or depression.

Cognitive behavioral therapy is a structured kind of counseling that teaches you how to control your behavior and change negative patterns of thinking to positive ones. It focuses on improving self-esteem and self-control by teaching you how to handle anger and stress. This is a short-term option that can be utilized alongside other types of psychotherapy.

Individual therapy can help people with ADHD to manage the emotional baggage that comes from underachievement and failure. It can also assist them in dealing with relationship conflicts, job changes, and academic difficulties. It can teach you stress reduction and coping techniques as well as how to manage your financial and time management. It can also address comorbid disorders such as depression and anxiety which are frequently associated as a result of ADHD.